How to fertilize marijuana?
At this point in the season, every good grower should have their seeds planted, growing well, and already looking forward to a bountiful harvest. Fertilizing marijuana is an art, so let’s review the basics of this essential task. The cannabis plant requires specific nutrients for proper development, and failing to provide the necessary products in the right way can turn a potentially great harvest into a disappointing one.
The Importance of Fertilizer in Marijuana Cultivation
The art of fertilizing marijuana is a fundamental technique to obtain healthy and productive plants. Without an adequate supply of nutrients, cannabis plants can suffer from deficiencies that affect both their growth and the quality and quantity of the harvest. Through a balanced fertilization, it is possible to maximize the potential of the plant, allowing it to develop its natural characteristics to the maximum.
Proper fertilization ensures that plants have everything they need at every stage of their life cycle, from vegetative growth to flowering. This knowledge is essential, as improper fertilization can result in problems such as over-fertilization or deficiencies, complicating the process and reducing the final quality of the product.
In this article, we will explore in depth the basics of fertilizing cannabis, as well as an introduction to the different types of fertilizers, when and how to apply them, and how to identify signs of deficiencies and excesses to keep your plants in the best possible condition. Finally, we will provide you with links to expand on each of the sections of this content, such as, for example, to go deeper into the basic NPK nutrients, and many others.
Types of elements that marijuana needs
The primary elements for optimal nutrition of your plants are NPK—nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). However, the so-called secondary elements are also crucial; these include sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg). Additionally, trace elements play an important role, such as iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), boron (B), zinc (Zn), chlorine (Cl), molybdenum (Mo), and sodium (Na). Let’s explore each of these elements in a bit more detail.
The main elements are those that a plant needs the most, compared to us would be the daily meals, these are the famous NPK previously mentioned. It is vital to have a growth fertilizer and a flowering fertilizer to cover these basic elements of the marijuana plant. The growth fertilizers are richer in Nitrogen although they also contain some Phosphorus and Potassium. Flowering fertilizers are richer in Phosphorus and Potassium.
Secondary elements are those fertilizers that cover not so basic needs of the marijuana plant, although they are secondary and not vital, their use drastically improves the levels of success and satisfaction with a crop.
Trace elements are taken up by plants in very small quantities and can be measured in milligrams (mg) or parts per million (ppm). Although trace elements represent only a small proportion of the overall fertilizer requirement, their importance should not be underestimated. They play an important role in supporting the enzymatic conversion of nutrients to vegetative material and have a direct function in the photosynthetic process. Likewise, if any microelement is too low or unavailable for growth support, then other important fertilizer nutrients will not function properly and the growth rate will be reduced.
Once this theory is understood, we have to get down to practice, do more research and be sure to visit our section of fertilizers for marijuana growing where you can see each and every one of them, as well as prepared for an easier life and maximization of results. There you can also check the nutrients that each one contains and how they work.
Types of Fertilizers: Organic vs. Mineral Fertilizers
When it comes to fertilizing marijuana, it is important to know the different types of fertilizers available, as each has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. Mainly, fertilizers are divided into two categories: organic and mineral. Both can be effective, but the choice between one or the other will depend on factors such as the type of crop, the grower’s preferences and the environment in which the plants are grown.
Organic Fertilizers
Organic fertilizers are composed of plant matter, such as compost, manure or plant extracts. One of the main advantages of organic fertilizers is that they improve soil structure and promote an ecosystem of beneficial microorganisms. This not only supports plant health, but also promotes long-term, sustained soil fertility.
In addition, the nutrients present in organic fertilizers are released more slowly and gradually, which reduces the risk of overfertilization. This type of fertilizer is ideal for those looking for a more natural and sustainable approach to growing marijuana. However, the results may be less immediate compared to mineral fertilizers, as they rely on microbial decomposition and activity.
Mineral fertilizers
On the other hand, mineral fertilizers are formulated from mineral salts that provide nutrients quickly and directly to plants. These fertilizers are known for their precision and efficiency in delivering specific nutrients, allowing growers to quickly adjust the needs of plants according to their stage of development.
Mineral fertilizers are especially useful in situations where strict control of nutrition is sought, such as in intensive or hydroponic crops. However, the use of these fertilizers requires careful handling to avoid problems such as salt accumulation or overfertilization, which can negatively affect plants and the growing environment.
Fertilizer plan for a marijuana plant
The best option for 90% of growers is to choose a line of a particular brand and use all the products as indicated by the manufacturer. In the cultivation tables provided by each manufacturer you can find out exactly which product to use at each specific moment of the crop. Normally, all brands have one that we can provide you with in the link above.
Cultivation Stages and Nutritional Requirements
Each stage of the marijuana life cycle has specific nutritional needs that must be met to ensure healthy growth and abundant flowering. Knowing the nutrient demands at each stage is key to planning proper fertilization to maximize yield and crop quality.
Vegetative Growth Phase
During the vegetative growth phase, the marijuana plant focuses on developing its structure, i.e. strong stems, leaves and roots. At this stage, nitrogen (N) becomes the protagonist, as it is essential for the growth of plant tissues and the production of chlorophyll. A good supply of nitrogen allows plants to grow vigorously, with dense, green foliage.
In addition to nitrogen, it is important that plants receive balanced amounts of phosphorus (P) and potassium (K). Phosphorus contributes to the development of strong roots, while potassium improves the plant’s resistance to stress and strengthens its structure. In this phase, a balanced fertilizer with a higher proportion of nitrogen will be ideal to promote healthy vegetative growth.
Flowering Phase
When the plant enters the flowering phase, its nutritional needs change significantly. Here, the priority shifts to phosphorus and potassium, as these nutrients are essential for the formation and development of flowers, which will eventually develop into resinous buds.
Phosphorus plays a crucial role in the production of dense, well-formed flowers, while potassium helps to improve the quality and quantity of resin, essential for powerful, aromatic buds. At this stage, it is important to reduce the supply of nitrogen, as an excess can interfere with flowering and affect the final quality of the harvest.
During flowering, it is advisable to use specific fertilizers for this phase, containing high levels of phosphorus and potassium, and low levels of nitrogen. This will help the plants to concentrate their energy on the production of large and resinous buds, thus achieving a more abundant and higher quality harvest.
Understanding the nutritional needs at each stage of the crop is critical to optimizing marijuana fertilization. In the following sections, we will explore how to plan an effective fertilization program and how to adjust dosages based on plant responses.
Fertilization Scheduling: When and How to Fertilize
For best results in marijuana cultivation, it is essential to establish a well-structured fertilization schedule. Knowing when and how to fertilize at each stage of the plant’s life cycle ensures healthy development, and also maximizes bud production and quality. Here are some key guidelines for creating an effective fertilization program.
Fertilizing in the Vegetative Growth Phase
During the first weeks of life, marijuana plants require a moderate dose of nutrients, mainly those rich in nitrogen, to promote vigorous growth. A common mistake is to start with high doses from the beginning, which can cause stress and delay development. It is advisable to start with a reduced concentration of the fertilizer, around 50% of the dose recommended by the manufacturer, and increase it gradually as the plant grows and shows a higher demand for nutrients.
The frequency of fertilization during this phase depends on the type of substrate used. In enriched soils or pre-fertilized substrates, fertilization can be done every two weeks. In hydroponic crops or inert substrates, fertilization should be more frequent, approximately once a week, adjusting the concentrations according to the plant’s response.
In this phase it is recommended to start with a root stimulator, such as Root Juice, to continue with a growth fertilizer of the same brand, in this case Bio Grow, both products are of the prestigious brand BioBizz, known for being products of high quality, vegetable origin and very good price.
Fertilization in the flowering phase
When entering the flowering phase, marijuana changes its nutritional needs, focusing more on phosphorus and potassium, elements that support the development of large and dense flowers. During the first weeks of flowering, it is advisable to continue with a balanced fertilizer that includes nitrogen, but in smaller quantities. As flowering progresses, switch to a flowering-specific fertilizer with a high concentration of phosphorus and potassium.
Fertilization at this stage is critical, as an insufficient supply of nutrients can result in small or malformed flowers, while excess fertilizer can burn the roots or cause salt accumulation. It is advisable to follow a regular schedule, fertilizing once a week, and to irrigate with pure water between fertilizer applications to avoid overfertilization.
In the flowering phase it is recommended to start with a complete flowering fertilizer such as Bio Bloom, which should be complemented with at least one supplement of the same brand, in this case Top Max. All the products shown in this guide are BioBizz brand fertilizers, as it is recommended, as mentioned above.
Adjustments Based on Plant Responses
It is important to remember that each plant is unique and may react differently to external conditions, applied techniques, and obviously, fertilization. Therefore, it is essential to closely observe the signs that plants give, such as leaf color, vigorous growth and flower formation. If leaves begin to yellow or show tip burn, it may be a sign of over-fertilization, and the dose or frequency of fertilizers will need to be adjusted.
In summary, proper fertilization scheduling is crucial to success in marijuana growing. Knowing the needs of your plants at each stage and adjusting your fertilizer according to their response will allow you to maximize the quality and quantity of your crop, avoiding common problems such as over-fertilization or nutrient deficiencies.
Signs of Nutrient Deficiencies and Excesses
One of the most important aspects of the fertilization process is learning to recognize the signs of nutrient deficiencies and excesses in marijuana plants. The ability to identify these problems early can make the difference between a healthy plant and a suffering one, which directly affects the quality and quantity of the harvest. Here’s how to detect and correct the most common nutrient imbalances.
Nutrient Deficiencies: Warning Signs
Nutrient deficiencies manifest themselves in different ways, depending on the specific nutrient that is lacking. For example, a nitrogen deficiency usually causes yellowing of the older leaves, starting from the base of the plant upwards. This is because nitrogen is mobile within the plant, and when it becomes scarce, the plant redistributes it from the older leaves to the younger ones.
Another common deficiency is phosphorus, which can cause leaves to develop a purple or dark blue color, especially in the younger leaves. In addition, the plant may show slow growth and structural weakness. Potassium, on the other hand, is essential for photosynthesis and water transport. Potassium deficiency can be evidenced by burnt leaf margins or brown spots, indicating a problem in the plant’s water regulation.
Detecting these signs early is crucial to adjust fertilization and prevent the deficiency from negatively affecting the plant’s development. If you observe any of these symptoms, it is advisable to increase the dose of the deficient nutrient or use a more balanced fertilizer.
Nutrient Excess: Recognizing the Symptoms
Just as a lack of nutrients can cause problems, excess is also detrimental. Overfertilization can lead to a phenomenon known as “nutrient burn,” where the roots are unable to absorb the excessive amount of salts, resulting in a buildup that ends up damaging the plant. Common symptoms include burned or curled leaf tips, abnormal browning of foliage and stunted growth.
Excess nitrogen manifests itself in very dark green, almost black leaves and excessive leaf growth to the detriment of flowering. Too much phosphorus can cause a blockage of other nutrients, such as zinc or iron, while too much potassium can interfere with the absorption of calcium and magnesium, causing an overall imbalance in the plant.
If you identify signs of over-fertilization, it is best to perform a root flush, using pure water to remove excess salts accumulated in the substrate. This will allow the plant to regain a proper balance and continue to develop in a healthy way.
Knowing and understanding the signs of nutrient deficiencies and excesses is essential for a successful crop. Careful observation and timely adjustments in fertilization can prevent many problems, ensuring vigorous plants and a high quality crop.
How to Avoid Overfertilization: Strategies and Tips
Overfertilization is one of the most common and damaging problems marijuana growers can face. This excess of nutrients can cause a blockage in the absorption of essential elements, lead to plant stress and ultimately reduce the quality and quantity of the harvest. Fortunately, there are several strategies you can implement to avoid this problem and keep your plants in tip-top condition.
Start with Low Doses
One of the golden rules to avoid over-fertilization is to always start with low doses of fertilizer, especially if you are using a product for the first time. It is preferable to underdose and increase gradually, rather than risk damaging the plants with a high dose from the start. In the first weeks of the plant’s life, a concentration of 50% of the recommended dose is a good starting point. This allows you to observe how the plants react before increasing the amount of nutrients.
Use EC and pH meters
The use of Electrical Conductivity (EC) and pH meters is an indispensable practice to maintain control over fertilization. The EC meter will help you monitor the concentration of salts in the nutrient solution, ensuring that you do not exceed the appropriate levels for each stage of the crop. Likewise, maintaining a proper pH is crucial, as outside the optimal range, roots may have difficulty absorbing certain nutrients, which can lead to over-fertilization or deficiencies.
The ideal pH varies depending on the substrate and growing method, but generally, in soil, it should be maintained between 6.0 and 7.0, while in hydroponics or inert substrates, a range of 5.5 to 6.5 is more appropriate. Adjusting and monitoring these parameters regularly can prevent many nutrition-related problems.
Water with Pure Water Regularly
Another effective method to avoid salt buildup and overfertilization is to intersperse waterings with pure water between fertilizer applications. This helps remove any excess nutrients in the substrate and provides a break for the roots, allowing them to recover and function more efficiently. In addition, a pure water irrigation also facilitates the uptake of other nutrients in subsequent applications.
Pay Attention to Plant Signals
Finally, constant observation is key. Plants often show early signs of overfertilization, such as burnt leaf tips or abnormally slow growth. Upon noticing any of these symptoms, it is important to act immediately, either by reducing the fertilizer dose or by performing a root flush to clean the substrate. The speed of response can make a big difference in plant recovery and the ultimate success of the crop.
In short, avoiding overfertilization is a balance between prudence, constant monitoring and the ability to adjust. By following these strategies, you can keep your plants healthy, optimizing growth and ensuring a high-quality harvest without running the risk of overloading the substrate with nutrients.
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Founder of Experiencia Natural, creative and entrepreneur, designer, master in grower and marketing. For a normalization of all plants and substances, giving priority to patients and users.
